Drunk Driving Essay Example for Free

Drunk Driving Essay Every year thousands of people die from drunk driving. Some survive a car accident, but others aren’t so lucky. Drunk drivers should have more punishments than what we have today. It would make the roads a lot safer if we had more cops out, make the blood alcohol level lower than it is now, and make the punishments stricter. This would of professional cops and law enforcements are highly trained, competent professionals who sometimes are equipped with requisite skills needed. There aren’t enough of them to keep a close eye on the whole town. Every day there is always something bad going on in this town. They should be doing their job not just driving around in their cars doing nothing. When cops do their job a lot of people get mad â€Å"Many people charged with drunk driving protest that their driving was fine. They believe either that the officer made up an excuse to pull them over, or that the â€Å"mistake† that the officer observed was appropriate or had nothing to do with their driving†. The law enforcements need to step up their game and protect us from drunk drivers and other things. As with any criminal charge, a person charged with driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence is presumed innocent until proven guilty. If guilty is established, the penalty will depend on state law, as well as on any aggravating circumstances and defendants cooperation with the police. Many of the punishments the law gives people are reasonable but they need to make the punishments for drunk driving higher and enforce them more. Because if they don’t our roads are going to get worse and people won’t feel safe at night time when they go out. â€Å"In some states if you get a DUI, you get an automatic suspension of violator’s licenses. The lengths of a suspension of 45 days to one year, Forty-Three states require offenders to install ignition interlocks on their vehicles. These devices are capable of analyzing a drivers breath, and the ignition is unlocked only if the driver has not been driving. †(Larson) â€Å"A fourth offense operating while intoxicated will be felony if it occurs within five years of an earlier offense. Ignition interlock devices will be required for repeat offenders and first-time offenders at or above a 0. 15 blood alcohol level. †(Drunken Driving Law changes) Over the last 10 years there were twenty-five thousand people that died from drunk driving accidents. Most of the people that were driving that were drunk lived, but the people in the car with the drunk driver died. On September 3, 2012 Taylor moon passed away that morning. The was only 20 years old and lived every day to the fullest. Taylor always knew he would die by doing something he loved. This was driving fast motorcycles and party with his friends. That morning he was leaving a party to go home his blood alcohol level was past 0. 08 percent. He wasn’t watching where he was going and went right into the right side of a car that was coming. Taylor flew across the windshield were my friend AJ that was in the car saw his face and body when Taylor died. A. J didn’t know what to do the first person he called was Anthony; no one understood what A. J was saying because he was crying so much. They didn’t know Taylor that well. They still went to his funeral and talked to his family. If Taylor would have never got on his motorcycle drunk that morning he would still be alive today. His family and friends will all miss him dearly. â€Å"God has my baby now and doesn’t have to feel any more pain. † People could learn from Taylor’s mistakes and not drink and drive at all. Some people don’t get their family and friends will miss them more than they will ever know, because when they are gone their family is still here on earth with the pain of knowing they could never come back. Families are the most important ones because they have always been here to tell them not to drink and mess their life up. Most people don’t care they think it’s fun and it makes them look cool, but it’s not cool. It kills you inside even when you not dead outside. From the first sip, alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream and reaches the brain. Although you’re not aware of it, there is and impairment of brain function, which deteriorates further the more you drink. â€Å"In most states, a person with a blood alcohol level that exceeds . 08 percent is eligible for a DUI if pulled over. †Most people do not know, however the law needs to lower the blood alcohol level because even if they drink one beer they can still kill dome one in a car accident even if they haven’t had that much. It still messes with your mind and eye sight. â€Å"Alcohol impairment among drivers involved in fatal crashes is about four times higher at night than during the day. † (Get MADD) We need to put a stop to this whole trend now. Drunk driving should be legalized and people shouldn’t drink. If they do drive then someone sober needs to follow them and make sure they are ok and don’t get hurt either. Making the blood alcohol level lower would be a food thing to do for our town and the world. â€Å"Studies are often flawed or the results are confounded by other facts, that there is little evidence that lowering the BAC limit from.   The fact that introducing a lower BAC limits have no necessarily have a demon stable impact on traffic safety should not be taken to suggest that statutory BAC limits have no value in efforts to control the alcohol-crash problem. The function of a BAC limit may be to inform the public that the consumption of alcohol beyond a certain point is considered illegal and dangerous when combined with driving. This is because the general public has only a very superficial understanding of the relationship between alcohol consumption and BAC particularly in terms of their own behavior. Less responsible citizens have a tendency to make very poor decisions concerning driving after drinking. They don’t comply with the existing limit and are unlikely to change their behavior in an attempt to comply with a new lower limit. If so, a reduction in the legal BAC limit, in and of itself, would not be expected to have a substantial impact on the prevalence of impaired driving or alcohol-related crashes. Our critical review of the evaluation literature failed to provide strong, consistent and unqualified support for lowering BAC limit. At best, the results are mixed and the methodological weaknesses in the studies question the robustness and veracity of the evidence. The mission of the Traffic Injury Research Foundation (TIRF) is to reduce traffic-related deaths and injuries. TIRF is a national, independent, charitable road safety institute. Since its inception in 1964, TIRF has become internationally recognized for its accomplishments in a wide range of subject areas related to identifying the causes of road crashes and developing programs and policies to effectively address them. â€Å"Since 1992, San Diego car accident lawyers have seen relatives grieve upon the wrongful death or serious permanent injury of a loved one. â€Å"The drunk driver often survives, but tragically, innocent people are usually killed. †   The goal is to arrest more people that drive under the influence of alcohol to get them off the roads. BAC level of . 03 to . 06 a person begins to fell a calming sensation, BAC level of . 06 to . 10 a person reaches this level of intoxication, BAC level of . 11 to . 20 high intoxication levels show a person that would appear very drunk, BAC level of . 20 and up having this high BAC results in an individual that begins to lose any and all judgment and motor function. What this all means is that no one should ever drive a car after having a drink. The good news is that the drunken driving accidents statistics have actually declined in recent years. The car accident statistics are still not low enough, but it is a start. People just should not drink and drive at all no matter where they need to go. A lot of us drive cars. So why do we have to share the roads with people who choose to drink and then drive? Even if you â€Å"aren’t drunk† and are â€Å"just buzzed† you should not be on the roads. Even if you have ONE drink, stay off the roads for a while. Wouldn’t it be a tragedy to you knowing your wife, your child, your friends, or loved one ceased to exist here on earth because of a carless drinker? It would bring my world to a crashing halt. So don’t get behind the wheel of a car if you have had a lot to drink because it could be your life or a life of other people you could take while driving drunk.

Essay --

John Dalton, J. J Thomson, Earnest Rutherford, Niels Bohr and Louis de Broglie are just a few scientists that have helped to create and shape ideas on what an atom and its components are. Dalton was the first to develop the modern atomic theory, although much of his theory is still true today, Dalton's theory has not proven to be one hundred percent correct. So what does that mean everyone who has been learning Dalton’s theory? That they are all wrong? That they shouldn’t learn from his theory anymore? Exactly. And why would you when Earnest Rutherford’s latest, improved and more precise atomic theory is what everyone is using now. John Dalton is the scientist credited for proposing the atomic theory, the law of constant composition and the Law of Multiple Proportions. This theory explains several concepts that are relevant to our knowledge of chemistry in today’s society. This includes what a pure gold necklace is made of, what makes the pure gold necklace different than a pure silver necklace, and what occurs when pure gold is mixed with copper. Dalton’s theory consists of: ...

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

After his mother dies giving birth to him on the day of victory in World War I in 1918, Benjamin is taken by his father, Thomas Button (Jason Flemyng), and deposited on the doorstep of a home for the elderly. That is fitting since the infant looks like an 80-year-old man with sagging skin, cataracts, and wrinkles all over is body. Queenie (Taraji P. Henson), an African-American attendant at the place, finds him. She immediately decides that baby who is â€Å"as ugly as an old pot† is a child of God who must be cared for, no matter how difficult that may be. And so Benjamin (Brad Pitt) the man-child grows up in the presence of elders who share their stories with him and accept him as one of their own; they are all outsiders in a country where youth is worshipped and the elderly are viewed as obsolete. Benjamin starts out in a wheelchair and proves himself to be a great listener: everyone wants to tell him what they've been through in life. A man with a poor memory points out again and again that he was struck by lightening seven different times. â€Å"God keeps reminding me I'm lucky to be alive. A wealthy woman who keeps to herself teaches him to play the piano. A gregarious visitor, an African bushman (Rampai Mohadi), takes a fancy to the man-boy and introduces him the joys of sex in a bordello. At the age of 12, Benjamin looks about 70. He meets Daisy (Elle Fanning), the granddaughter of one of the residents at the home. They become instant friends and forge a bond which will last for a long time. In fact, Benjamin's story is shown i n flashbacks as Daisy lies near death's door in New Orleans at the time of Katrina. As the winds howl outside, her 40-year-old daughter Caroline (Julia Ormond) reads to her from a diary filled with pictures and postcards about this strange man who played such a major role in her life. At age 17, Benjamin is much younger and stronger. He leaves New Orleans for life aboard a tugboat that is piloted by Mike (Jared Harris), a colorful character with tattoos and a love of liquor. He travels to many cities and in Murmansk encounters Elizabeth (Tilda Swinton), who is intrigued by his mysteriousness. Although married, she begins a brief affair with Benjamin and introduces him to the pleasures of caviar, night-time dialogue, and sex. Benjamin also tastes the rush of adrenalin in war when he and the tugboat crew take on a Nazi U-boat that has just sunk a troop transport in World War II. Many of his shipmates are killed in the clash. Benjamin returns to New Orleans in 1945 and encounters his father, a rich entrepreneur who runs a button business. He is a lonely old man who is dying and wants to reconnect with the boy he ditched years ago. Instead of showing anger or seeking revenge, Benjamin treats him with kindly compassion for he has come to realize that death is a tender moment that must be treated with respect and dignity. Daisy (Cate Blanchett) is now a renowned dancer in New York who stops by for a visit. She has read his postcards from around the world and still feels they are soulmates. She tries to seduce him, but he is not ready for the changes that he sees in her. But after he inherits his father's estate, he travels to New York to be with her. But now she is too caught up in the drama and excitement of her career and artist friends. There is more to their relationship as new twists and turns bring them together again as Benjamin grows younger and more handsome. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is one of the best films of the year with its complex story, idiosyncratic characters, and treatment of the themes of love, time, aging, youth, change, death, and the impermanence of life. David Fincher directs this soulful movie with a marvelous attention to detail and pacing. The secret to the film's powerful impact is the terrific screenplay by Eric Roth who wrote Forrest Gump, a 1994 movie that was also a picaresque tale about a strange outsider and his wild adventures. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is based on a short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald that has been substantially changed for the screen. Another plus is the melodic and impressive music by Alexandre Desplat. What does Benjamin learn from his odd condition that makes him grow younger instead of older? What are the lessons of his adventures that take him around the world and back home again? At one point, he says: â€Å"You can change or stay the same. There are no rules to this thing. You can make the best or the worst of it. † Benjamin always keeps an open mind and uses each encounter as an opportunity to soften his heart. He makes the best of bad situations and does not allow them to bring him down. He demonstrates an equanimity that enables him to handle failure and success, defeat and victory, with calm. One of his favorite mantras is â€Å"You never know what's coming for you. † It is best to see everything as a mystery that does not need to be solved or explained away. Just live in the present moment and savor what presents itself to you. A sense of wonder is a trademark of Benjamin's personality. As a man-child in the home for the elderly, he listens to the house breathing. As a child-man he savors the start of the day looking out over the water just like his father did. Benjamin learns how to let go and not to cling to anyone: â€Å"We're meant to lose the people we love. How else will we know how much they meant to us? † From start to finish, this character tries to be himself, accepting his flaws and celebrating his strengths as a human being: â€Å"It's never too late or too early to be whoever you want to be. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button reminds us that the best thing we can do is make the most of our journey and be thankful for the people we meet along the way. It's all gift. Benjamin embodies the zest for life described in one of our favorite quotations by Diane Ackerman: â€Å"The great affair, the love affair with life, is to live as variously as possible, to groom one's curiosity like a high-spirited thoroughbred, climb aboard, and gallop over the thick, sunstruck hills every day. . . It began as mystery, and it will end in mystery, but what a savage and beautiful country lies in between. â€Å"

Csr An Agenda For Inclusive And Sustained Growth...

CSR: AN AGENDA FOR INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINED GROWTH INDICATOR RAISWA SAHA DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES SRM UNIVERSITY, SONEPAT, HARYANA ABSTRACT With the expanding globalization and persistent ecological issues, role of CSR has been redefined and aims to broaden the societal context within which it operates. CSR acts as a commitment for attaining inclusivity and community development in order to reflect a positive impact on the society. In an increasingly fast-paced global economy, CSR acts as enabler and driving force in order to attain sustained growth where markets, communities and the organizations can perform well together so to gain better access in making decisions and maximize the growth . Inclusiveness not only helps in increasing the growth rate of the economy but, it boosts the productivity and employment opportunities with sustainable long-term progress. In the age of stiff competitive market environment there is a growing consensus in the minds of the individuals to contribute towards the betterment of the society and take keen interest in adopting sustainable business policies. With the enormous potential of ful filling the expectations we need more investments in human capital and the relation-building between the stakeholders and the society. Inclusivity and Sustainability, the two very concepts are multi-dimensional in nature which leads to positive health outcomes, access to higher education, improved standards of living, development of skills,Show MoreRelatedRoadmap to Csr Sustainability in Healthcare16191 Words   |  65 Pages       CSR    Hospital   Sustainability   Road   Map    and   the   Balanced   Scorecard                                                           Preface    The   Hospital   CSR   Sustainability   Road   Map      Balanced   Scorecard   has   two   parts.   Part   One    focuses   on   the   fundamentals   of   Corporate   Social   Responsibility   (CSR)   and Read MoreA Project on Industrial Relations and Labour Welfare16776 Words   |  68 Pagesregional – stakeholders and extended development coalitions are vital for achieving the goal set by the Lisbon European Council – to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world by 2010, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and with greater social cohesion. 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Constantly striving, always curious and ever personable, he has developed a pattern of interests, involvements, and friendships that have sustained his very effective interventions in many institutionalRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  PAGE NUMBER IN THE BOOK 605 608 619 625 629 652 662 667 677 685 694 708 712 718 727 733 740 746 CASE Ministry of Sound – rapid growth but a questionable future in the music industry. Pharmaceutical Industry – global forces at work in the ethical pharmaceutical industry. TUI – competitive forces in the travel industry. 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Perhaps the best indicator of demand for project management can be seen in the rapid expansion of the Project Management Institute (PMI), a professional organization for project managers. PMI membership has grown from 93,000 in 2002 to more than 270,000 currently. See the

Black Athlete - 5745 Words

Legislating the Family: Heterosexist Bias in Social Welfare Policy Frameworks Amy Lind University of Virginia Studies in Women and Gender Program This article addresses the effects of heterosexist bias in social welfare policy frameworks on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals and families in the United States. It discusses the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), federal deï ¬ nitions of family and household, and stereotypes about LGBT individuals. It argues that poor LGBT individuals and families lack full citizen rights and access to needed social services as a result of these explicit and implicit biases. Key words: Welfare reform; family†¦show more content†¦Jones observe (2002: 15). In these ways, institutionalized heterosexuality is central to some of the key motivation(s) behind and design of public policy frameworks in the United States. By â€Å"institutionalized heterosexuality† I am referring to the set of ideas, institutions and relationships that make the heterosexual family the societal norm, while ren dering homosexual/queer families â€Å"abnormal† or â€Å"deviant† (Ingraham 1999). My queer analysis of social welfare involves examining how sexuality and gender can be rethought and reorganized in economic and social policy frameworks, theories and practices. Throughout the article I examine how heterosexuality is assumed to be the natural basis for deï ¬ ning the family, and by extension, society, both explicitly (by excluding LGBT people from the analysis and by stigmatizing certain individuals as â€Å"non-family† or â€Å"anti-family†) and implicitly (by assuming that all people are heterosexual, that marriage is a given and exists only between a traditionally-deï ¬ ned man and woman, and that all people ï ¬ t more or less into traditional gender roles; see Foucault 1978; Fraser and Gordon 1994; Ingraham 1999; Phelan 2001;Show MoreRelatedThe Bad Image Of Black Athlete1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe bad image of black athlete is one of the most important problems today. African American athletes are not that different from white athletes; however, media betrays a bad image of them for some unknown reasons. Our world is full of the great African-Americans who showed incredible result in professional sport. On one side, a lot of African-American athletes in the limelight right now come from nothing to somewhat. On the other side, there is a negative connotation that all African Americans haveRead MoreAfrican Ancestry : Black Athletes1458 Words   |  6 Pageshave been black athletes.(Rowan,2010) Of course, there are successful white athletes, but, overall, black dominance on the race track is very apparent. Athletes of African ancestry hold genetic advantages in the sport of running.Of the top 200 official times at the 100 meter dash, not one has been run by a white athlete. Only black sprinters have (officially) run under 10 seconds in the 100 meter dash.(Lindsey 2000) Every winner of the 100m since the inaugural event in 1983 has been black, as has everyRead MoreThe Bad Image Of Black Athlete1584 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The bad image of black athlete is one of the most important problems today. African American athletes are not that different from white athletes; however, media portrays a bad image of them for some unknown reasons. Our world is full of the great African-Americans who showed incredible results in professional sports. On one side, a lot of African-American athletes in the limelight right now come from nothing to somewhat. On the other side, there is a negative connotation that all AfricanRead MoreEssay about Black Athletes in Society2262 Words   |  10 Pagesstudy reported that only 33% of Black male basketball players graduated, (Chronicle of Higher Education, 1999). Individually, basketball reported the lowest graduation rate in all divisions,† (Robinson, 2004:1). 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A four year report published by the University of Pennsylvanias Graduate School ofRead MoreRacial Tensiona and Low Expectation on Black Athletes in Football1205 Words   |  5 PagesIn Odessa, an oil-rich town in West Texas, there is a line that separates the two races of blacks and whites. They called it â€Å"the American version of the Berlin Wall – the railroad tracks that inevitably ran through the heart of town† (Bissinger 91). The tracks are the symbol of the barrier, tension, and attitude that stand between the two races. To the Odessan whites, African Americans are often considered extraneous, with few hopes and dreams to follow. It is also a common part of everyday languageRead MoreRacism And The Black Athlete Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesin the form of the black athlete in the major conferences of the NCAA. 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Cell Phones And Its Effect On Our Lives - 1837 Words

Cell phones Human beings have invented a small device called a cell phone, or (mobile), and its benefits are considerably obvious. We need it a lot in our lives. Nowadays , the cell phone has become one of the necessities of life. There is no doubt that cell phone production is a leap of scientific quality. There were cell phones at the beginning of the eighties, but they were large and heavy .Then, those cell phones were to be followed by a series of phones in development with downsizing as a result of the demand in the markets. In 1984, Nokia launched its first cell phone in the car in the world. However, in the nineties, it is different than previously to many uses of cell phones : sound, image,Bluetooth, and Internet . As for now, the new generations have emerged from these phones .Also, the numerous regulations that exceeded the imagination. The cell phone system using low-powered radio transmitters, with each transmitter covering a distinct geographical area (cell) and computer equipment to switch a call from one area to another, thus enabling large-scale car or portable phone service (â€Å" Dictionary† ).The cell phone is a tool of communication between people ,and one of the main reasons for the development of communication between people. it was invented by Martin Cooper in 1947. He is a researcher at Motorola Communications Company in Chicago ; where he had first call on 3 April 1973, when LT company began testing inShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Cell Phones On Our Lives1053 Words   |  5 Pagesyears that improve our everyday lives. The wide use of cell phones has caused a remarkable impact on physical, and social aspects of our life. Cell phones impacts have contributed positively to our lives, but still others have influenced negatively on our life. With technology, the way we communicate has changed over the past year with our smart phones we can surf the internet, check our social media accounts, use GPS, and text and call our families and friends. The cell phones have made a significantRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives938 Words   |  4 Pagesout lives. We use our cell phones for everything from finding directions, to taking pictures of moments you do not want to forget. Everywhere you go, you cell phone goes with you, if you forget it at home, somehow we feel naked without it. Cell phones have become so powerful and useful for so many things other than just making phone calls; I do not even know why we still call them phones. With that, we have the right to feel secure and free from unwarranted searches though our cell phones andRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives1366 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and increasing use of cell phones, a lot of studies are taking place. Even though cell phon es today have been helpful with communicating with people far away, these cellular devices still are dangerous in many extravagant ways. Dangerous can mean many things when it comes to cell phones. Billions of people throughout the world are implementing cell phone use in their daily routines. Cell phones are becoming a prone addiction which causes us to not be so aware of our surroundings when using itRead MoreCell Phones Effect Our Lives977 Words   |  4 PagesHow Cell Phones Effect our Everyday Lives Once upon a time, cell phones did not exist. If you wanted to make a call you had to use a home phone or a pay phone, but cell phones are now common place in our everyday lives. Almost everyone has one, even children in elementary school have cell phones. So how does having such easy access to a cell phone effect our everyday lives? The positive effects of cell phones are easy to see, as cell phones can be convenient and used as a life line in an emergencyRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Our Lives1612 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the time when the mid 1980s, phones have been rapidly moving their route into our commonplace lives, particularly with the presentation of cam telephones in the early part of the new thousand years. As cells develop they have more of an effect on our commonplace lives and I need to exactly how much they are affecting. Similarly as with new engineering in whatever other structure, phones have changed enormously over their generally short life com passes. As these progressions happen, soRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives862 Words   |  4 Pageshouse without theirs. The answer to this riddle? Cell phones. Children and adults alike are partaking in the growing addiction to their mobile devices. Can we blame them though? 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Alternative Plans and Decision Making Processâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Analysis Alternative plans and decision making process of superannuation contribution for tertiary sector employees? Answer: Introduction In this research, the concept of superannuation contribution has been explored which is sponsored by the business organizations as a welfare of the employees. In the recent times, it has been observed that government has made many efforts to encourage and incorporate the contribution of pension fund schemes and superannuation plan in the organisation from the service sectors or tertiary sectors (Smith and Koken, 2011). The main reason behind these plans is to confer after protection to the employees and these plans act as a social security after their retirements. Not only it improves employees social status but also it encourages them the investment for future. Thus, study of influencing factors that decides the investment on defined benefit plan or investment choice plan in the superannuation contribution has been examined profoundly. Along with this, the time value of money concept that identifies and controls the decision making process of an employee has also been illustrated in this research. Lastly, efficient- market hypothesis concept with its utility to the pension fund manager in the context of applicability has been defined. Factors that influences the choice of superannuation contribution choices Superannuation contribution is the amount of money that is contributed by both employee and employer in the same amount of percentage as deposited money. This deposited money is not subject to the tax until the employee is being retired or withdrawal of the amount (Smith and Koken, 2011). The superannuation contribution is a type of pension fund scheme that is used to provide assistance to the employees after their retirement. The amount calculation of the superannuation contribution depends on the schemes chosen by the employees from the alternative. The company sponsored contribution in superannuation is compulsorily made in the deposit account at minimum of 3% to up to 6% of amount of basic salary earned by the employee (UniSuper, 2017). The Australian government is very aggressive and exhibits awareness regarding the contribution of superannuation plan in the tertiary sector for employees as an implementation of welfare scheme for public. Government has executed it mandatorily fo r all organisations in the tertiary sector for encouraging the investment plans as well as social security for the old age or retired employees. Uni Super Ltd. Company is responsible for the monitoring, managing and controlling all the superannuation contribution plans and other pension related schemes in the private and public organisations in Australia (UniSuper, 2017). Superannuation contribution has played an important role in enhancing the quality of life of many of the employees even after their completion of service life. These pension schemes are also necessary to acknowledge the general public about the concept of investment and characteristics associated with it. On the other hand, superannuation schemes are divided into two main plans that is defined benefit and investment choice plan (Pyles, 2013). These choices are given as per the government norms that provide option and opportunity to make the efforts of higher amount of return taking risk being steady in the approach. According to the organisational norms and government standards, these two choices have been offered to the employees, which can be selected with the help of external support or financial planner. All the pros and cons should be kept in mind before selection of the final scheme. There are various factors that can influence the decision making process of superannuation contribution in the tertiary sector employee to avail the best option and gain the highest return with the apt market research (Rattiner, 2010). This research demonstrates factors that affect both the superannuation contribution plan briefly which helps the employees in decision making as follows: Defined Benefit Plan Defined benefit plan is the scheme in which the organisation and employee contribute the same amount in the deposited account (Ellis, 2013). In fact the deposited amount is not imposed with the taxation and other legal procedure till the individual utilise that money in investment or withdraws the amount. It is the lump sum amount which can be calculated with the formula consisting of amount of basic salary which is used to calculate the percentage on which the organisation made the contribution equally as employees salary amount is being deducted. Furthermore, it entails the year of completion of service by the employee and age of the employee (Pyles, M. 2013). This formula enables an employee to identify the fixed amount of deposit that can be raised till last service is provided by him. This amount cannot be changed and is not subjected to tax until withdrawal or retirement of the employee. It provides the security to the employee about the fixed saving for his retirement pension and living rest of his life financially secure. The advantage of this scheme is the least risk involved in this plan and fixed rate of return (McKeown, et al., 2012). On the other hand, there is a well known disadvantage opting this choice is no chance of higher gain as per market expectation and minimum amount determination and payment of retirement amount through formulation of defined or fixed method. Investment Choice Plan In case of investment choice plan employees has to further plan about the choice of investment they want to make or they need (Nicholson, 2011). The investment choice of plan has two measurements that provide the idea of decision making in the right choice of investment plan. First, risk involved in the investment scheme and second, rate of return gained after the investment is made that is no fixed amount of money is received. Every asset has its portfolio in which all the information regarding its life, risk involved and returns policies are determined and which is also a part of market research. Moreover, this asset identifies the investment terms and last amount to be made to the employees after completion of investment period. Uni Super Ltd. manages the asset portfolio of the companies and incorporates the investment plan according to the requirement (Leow, 2009). The invested asset yields the profit which is directly subjected to imposed tax regulation and after that given to t he employees. There are four types of investment plans which are as follows: Secured Funds: These funds entailed with the fixed interest and cash securities in the market Stable Funds: Government bonds and diversified investment in the overseas and domestic shares Choice of Trustees: Shares including national and international companies, private equities and public property as well as infrastructure investment (Maginn, et al., 2007) Share Funds: only investment in the shares with both natures domestic along with international shares The employees have an opportunity to choice between either of these schemes according to the requirement. The decision making of these investment schemes are composed of risk and return features that decides the final decision. On the other hand, the comprehension and self awareness about the investment area and risk involved in this of the employee also influences the choice of investment plan (Hirt, 2010). The knowledge about the investment is very important, if employee decides to go ahead with the investment choice plan while making the superannuation plan for tertiary sector. Lastly, it does not surrender a fixed amount of money; uncertainty of returned amount is the biggest feature of this retirement investment plan. Decision making process with the concept of time value of money The time value of money concept is a very reasonable and scientific concept that provides the value of the amount in the future aspect. It determines the cash flow arises from the present money in the future period of time. In the other words, future value of the current money is calculated on the basis of formulae that is compounding of present value of money as well as discounted the future money to present date (Ehrhardt and Brigham, 2016). It is has a vital role in deciding the investment and financial accounting related matters. The time value of money is very essential for financial decision makings especially for the financial manger and planner who investigates and analysis market investments. This concept is used in the examination of decision for choosing defined benefit plan or investment choice plan. This scheme ensures the fixed amount due to be paid after certain period of time like instalments in the pension plan. The employee is free to choose the scheme whether defin ed lump sum amount or investment choice plan has to be taken for superannuation scheme. In addition to this, the last amount of both the schemes can be realised with the time value of money and advantages associated with it to analyse the future value of investment (Ehrhardt and Brigham, 2016). The defined amount can be easily calculated by compounding the amount to generate future value of money. In case of investment the assets prices can be converted into future value of money with the help of compounding. Thus, it can be sorted out that decision making is being done by considering the above factors in the superannuation fund scheme. If the efficient-market hypothesis is true, pension fund manager might as well as select a portfolio with a pin illustrate why this is not the case Efficient-market hypothesis is the concept where the entire information related to the investment assets are being disclosed to the public or investors. The entire information contains related lifetime, its position and future aspects and returns from the assets. The hypothesis suggests that all the available information is being provided to the investors that facilitates the amount of investment is equals to the return on investment (Ang, et al. 2011). The efficient-market hypothesis is controversial and denoted as myth because in case prices and all the associated information is provided to the investors related to the assets and operations in the market functions efficiently than it will become impossible to gain the higher return on investment and no fair investment of risk in the market. The function of passion fund manager is to ensure the highest rate of return and a confirmed benefit on investment to the employees that invest in pension fund scheme of investment (Ang, et al., 2011). Its role is to choose the suitable investment option and opportunity to increase the maximum amount of return for the employees. The pension fund manager assembles the assets portfolio that facilitates maximum return and hold least risk features. If the efficient-market is true then, the role of pension fund manager is will become very easy he will choose the asset that can offer the highest return on investment for the employees (Faerber, 2013). The financial economic theory of efficient market hypothesis will lead to control all the investment related decision matters convenient and simple by just choosing the maximum generating asset. In case the hypothesis is not true, the pension fund manger has to identify different and diversified assets that involve different types of risk and returns with no correlations as well. This will ensure that in case, one asset does not perform well in the market; other assets recover the rest of the amount (Faerber, 2013). Thus investment in different assets will reduce the risk and better opportunity to gain in the market with a greater pace. Conclusion In the above discussion, it can be inferred that the superannuation concept is a very useful concept for tertiary sector employees and its choice of schemes including defined benefit plan and investment choice plan are equally important. It has also been found that factors like risk return on involvement and knowledge of employee in the investment influences the decision widely. Along with this, time value of money gives appropriate opportunity to identify the cash flow raised from the investment in the future period of time. Lastly, Efficient-market hypothesis inclusion and exclusion in the financial economics influence the decision making and method of pension fund manager in a very unique way. References Ang, A., et al. 2011. The Efficient Market Theory and Evidence: Implications for Active Investment Management. Now Publishers Inc. Ehrhardt, M. C., and Brigham, E.F. 2016. Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach. 6th ed. Cengage Learning. Ellis, C. D. 2013. Winning the Loser's Game, 6th edition: Timeless Strategies for Successful Investing. 6th ed. McGraw Hill Professional. Faerber, E. 2013. All About Value Investing. McGraw Hill Professional. Hirt, G.2010. Investment Planning. McGraw Hill Professional. Leow, J. 2009. Australian Master Superannuation Guide 2010/11. CCH Australia Limited. Maginn, J. L. et al. 2007. Managing Investment Portfolios: A Dynamic Process. John Wiley Sons. McKeown, W., et al. 2012. Financial Planning. John Wiley Sons. Nicholson, C. 2011. Building Wealth in the Stock Market: A Proven Investment Plan for Finding the Best Stocks and Managing Risk. John Wiley Sons. Pyles, M. 2013. Applied Corporate Finance: Questions, Problems and Making Decisions in the Real World. Springer Science Business Media. Rattiner, J. H. 2010. Getting Started as a Financial Planner. 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons. Smith, B., and Koken, Ed. 2011. The Superannuation Handbook 2008-09. John Wiley Sons. UniSuper. 2017. How we invest your money. [Online]. Avilable at: https://www.unisuper.com.au/~/media/files/forms%20and%20downloads/pds%20documents/accumulation%201/unis000006_how_we_invest_your_money.pdf [Accessed on: 17 May 2017].